The ancient Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters, many of which are unfamiliar to most people today, although a few may be recognised from mathematical notation.

The following table is intended to help familiarise you with the Greek words used in the Lexicon.

Uppercase	Lowercase	Name	English equivalent	Pronunciation
Α	α	alpha, αλφα	a	as in ‘calm’
Β	β	beta, βήτα	b	as English
Γ	γ	gamma, γαμμα	g	as in ‘got’
Δ	δ	delta, δελτα	d	as English
Ε	ε	epsilon, εψιλον	e	as in ‘pet’
Ζ	ζ	zeta, ζητα	z	as in ‘wisdom’
Η	η	eta, ητα	ê	as in ‘hair’
Θ	θ	theta, θητα	th	as in ‘thigh’
Ι	ι	iota, ιωτα	i	as in ‘hit’
Κ	κ	kappa, καππα	k	as English
Λ	λ	lambda, λαμδα	l	as English
Μ	μ	mu, μυ	m	as English
Ν	ν	nu, νυ	n	as English
Ξ	ξ	xi, ξι	x	as English
Ο	ο	omicron, ομικρον	o	as in ‘hot’
Π	π	pi, πι	p	as English
Ρ	ρ	rho, ρω	r	as English
Σ	σ ς *	sigma, σιγμα	s	as in ‘sing’
Τ	τ	tau, ταυ	t	as English
Υ	υ	upsilon, υψιλον	u	as in ‘mew’
Φ	φ	phi, φι	ph (f)	as in ‘physics’
Χ	χ	chi, χι	ch	as in ‘loch‘
Ψ	ψ	psi, ψι	ps	as in ‘lapse’
Ω	ω	omega, ωμεγα	ô	as in ‘saw‘

* letter sigma Σ has two different lowercase forms, σ and ς – σ is used at the start of, and in the main body of, a word – ς is only used at the conclusion of a word.